The Method

1. The patented procedure

Summary of the advantages of the Ruma Marker System.

2. Instruction for the clinical use of the urine Marker solution

Summary of the instructions issued as part of the marker project. The urine marker method has the advantage that sample swapping can be proven by analytical methods so that there is no need to supervise the patient during the collection of the sample.

3. Polyethylene glycols as marker substances for the labelling of addicts' urine

Brief article by Bernd Huppertz, Gisela Gauchel and Ruprecht Keller explaining the problems encountered in the analysis of urine for drugs and the principle behind the Ruma marker substance.

4. Results of the quality assurance

This contribution explains on the basis of different methods of urine test falsification how the marker system uncovers deception attempts.